Pascal on human life

And this excerpt from Pascal, avowed and forced intimacy:

“When I consider the small duration of my life, absorbed in the eternity preceding and following, the small space that I fill and even that I see, damaged in the infinite immensity of the spaces that I ignore and that ignore me, I am frightened and surprised to see myself here rather than there, for there is no reason why here rather than there, why now rather than then. Who put me there? By whose order and conduct was this place and time destined for me. Memoria Hospitis unius diei praetereuntis* . »

Taken from the Book of Wisdom, V, 15: “The hope of the wicked is (…) like the smoke that the wind blows away or *like the memory of a guest who passes and who is only one day in one same place ”.

Tolstoy on human life

This morning, I stumbled* — literally — on this passage from Confession which is a pure marvel and which announces The Death of Ivan Ilitch written seven years later:

“At first it seemed to me that they were gratuitous, inappropriate requests. I believed that all this was already known, that if I ever wanted to tackle these questions head-on, it would give me no trouble, that for the moment I did not have the time, but that as soon as I wanted to , I would immediately find the answers. Now these questions assailed me more and more often, demanding the answer with ever more vehemence, and as they all fell in the same place, in a multitude of points, these unanswered questions formed a single black spot. (…)

“It happened to me what happens to all who have contracted a fatal internal disease. First, we see the appearance of an insignificant symptom to which the patient attaches no importance, then the symptoms return more and more often and merge into a single indivisible suffering over time. (…)

“My life stopped. I could breathe, eat, drink, sleep; but I had no life, for there were no longer any desires the fulfillment of which would have seemed reasonable to me. »

It takes the quality of Tolstoy to express so perfectly this rise in power (which some might confuse with the will to power), this progressive invasion of anxiety. La Mort d'Ivan Ilitch, a condensed masterpiece of this masterpiece that is life, will perfectly give this impression of falling into another universe. In an innocuous moment life bifurcates and routs. Life is made only of the assembly of these intimate moments shared with oneself.

* By reading my notes from the very interesting little book by Monique Canto-Sperber: Essay on human life .

A short history of Envy, from hero to scapegoat

4The modern world keeps presenting us with scapegoats. Lance Armstrong, Richard Millet, Jérôme Kerviel, John Galliano, to name but a few, each in a field, with completely different causes and reasons, have recently embodied the scapegoat, the justly punished culprit, the impediment in a circle put back in its place. The scapegoat is linked to egalitarianism, itself linked to envy. From hero to scapegoat, only the desire does not change. The modern world has the spectacle in its blood, the scapegoat has a cathartic function there.

In the era of modern democracy, everything goes through Twitter or Facebook. The real information is there. Not being there is tantamount to disappearing, to maintaining a life in the shadows, a shadowy life. On social networks, the height of modern democracy is allowed: rub shoulders with the idol, live with the idol, to the rhythm of the idol, knowing everything about her, seeing her when she gets out of bed, embracing good evening; only tactile contact is missing. This proximity transforms the role of the idol that has always been known, it changes it forever. If the idol were a simple statuette, it would not speak, it would not respond, it would only occupy the place left to it, it would gather on its effigy all the mental images that the brain can produce. The modern world does not know the mental image, it is beyond fantasy. He hates what is hidden, let alone what is secret. Hence the often-used phrase: fantasy come true. The fantasy - phantasmata , the mental image for the ancient Greek - cannot be, must not be, a reality. Otherwise horror awaits. Otherwise we can only pray while waiting for everything to return to its place. There is a possible wildness in rubbing shoulders with the idol too closely. Through this proximity, the modern world has undertaken to create a cathartic lever to control consciences. The idol can be a hero or a scapegoat, it can serve the society of the spectacle and its soft dictatorship. It also allows you to fill in boxes: hero, scapegoat, fallen, condemned, victim... A sheet of cigarette paper separates these qualifiers. Against a background of moralism, society shows its cards and distributes the good or bad points. All areas are affected, but some are more “popular” than others. The scapegoat allows you to get a makeover, to deceive, or to affirm your responsibility and your incorruptibility. But no one should be fooled by such schemes. The society of the spectacle is a simulacrum of society based on intrusion, indecency and denunciation.

Continue reading “A short story of Envy, from hero to scapegoat”

Christian testimony

When I started this blog, very quickly the idea of ​​writing on the liturgy came to me. Not to claim specialist status, but to share my experience about what is at the heart of a Christian's life. There were therefore two paths that had to merge: It was necessary to tell the mass (and its benefits), and then entrust the journey that had revealed it.

Part 1: Which mass for which Church? - In front of the church

priests in cassocksDuring 1987, I thought my time had come. My life was falling apart. Life never falls apart, it will take me a few years to figure it out; either it stops, or it is transformed. My life was therefore transformed, violently, intensely, it offered me the enantiodromos as the Greeks say. The enantiodromos is this road which splits, which separates, which becomes two, and confronts us with a choice. The enantiodromos allowed me to understand what freedom was. It was an unprecedented situation, I was about to realize it. This crossing where life takes a completely unexpected turn marks the passage from childhood to adulthood. This moment has no age. I mean you can experience it at any age. What you shouldn't do is not live it. Not understanding what differentiates the freedom experienced in childhood from the freedom chosen in adulthood. Because the choice made, we become another; the experience reveals to us and gives a framework and foundations to the personality.

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In the shadow of Ernesto Sabato

When Ernesto Sabato passed away on April 30 at the age of 99, he repeated the words of Maria Zambrano to himself: To die, this elusive action which is carried out by obeying, happens beyond reality, in another realm . In his house in Santos Lugarès (“Holy Places” near Buenos Aires), Ernesto Sabato obeys this last injunction. He has been preparing for it for a long time. In Resistance , his moving literary testament published in 2002, he wrote: I forgot large parts of my life, but, on the other hand, certain encounters, moments of danger and the names of those who pulled me out of depressions and bitterness still throbs in my hands. And yours too, you who believe in me, who have read my books and are going to help me die.

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Newman and Socrates

The links between ancient Greek philosophy and Christianity are numerous. The most famous of the Greek precepts: Gnothi Seauton , "Know thyself", inscribed in Delphi retains a certain mystery. Another end of the sentence has stuck with us: “But not too much”… Know yourself… But not too much! Plato leads Socrates to reflect on the Delphic formula in the Philebus :

SOCRATES: In short, it is a species of vice which takes its name from a particular habit, and this part of vice in general is a disposition contrary to that recommended by the Delphi inscription.

PROTARCHUS: It is a precept: know thyself, that thou speakest, Socrates?
SOCRATES: Yes, and the opposite of this precept, in the language of the inscription, would be not to know oneself at all.
"Know thyself" in order to improve yourself, to erase in you what hinders your development. Not knowing himself is already a fault for Socrates. "But not too much", because man so easily believes himself much more than he is, son of Adam, man is the plaything of his presumption. “But not too much” so as not to take yourself for a god.
This is one of the foundations of Greek culture, the idea of ​​knowing oneself, the idea of ​​wisdom, of advancing in wisdom, but also the feeling that if you dig too deep, surprises can arise, and not necessarily good. The Greeks were very aware of man's weaknesses, his shortcomings. The Greeks are even, with the Christians, those who have most highlighted the possibility of human weakness, it is also what makes them so close to us. The weakness of man is expressed in their gospels, the tragedies. Pity and terror are the two pillars. Know yourself… but not too much.

original fault

Despite Shûsaku Endo's doubts as to the true Christianity of the Japanese evoked in the admirable "Silence", it also seems to me that the Japanese have a real fundamental point in common with the Christian in the ease with which they the place of the other. Is this not one of the founding bases of Christianity, one of these archetypes of the Discourse on the Montage, to always think that our effort has not been important enough, pronounced enough, for the understanding emerges? Of course, I see the weakness of the reasoning: the Japanese tirelessly try to put themselves in the place of the other culturally; he also wishes to make himself better understood; he does not know guilt, but shame… The Christian must put himself in the place of the other because he thinks that the fault comes from him, which does not mean that he has committed the fault, but rather than the lack of attention to the other caused him not to work hard enough to prevent the fault.

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Japan book review

I have just finished reading “Le Masque du Samourai”, an essay by Aude Fieschi (Éditions Philippe Picquier). It is a didactic book, well written, which presents the different facets of the Samurai through the Japanese Middle Ages until its decline with the advent of modern Japan.

Philia, agapê and other little things…

The Greeks used three words to designate love: éros, carnal love, philia, friendship, and agapê, accomplished and mature love. 

Is love only there to comfort us? Shouldn't we seek to give meaning to love as to every event in life? Only meaning saves the human condition. The meaning… The big question. The inevitable question. Nothing is worth living in the absence of meaning. Meaning is man's big question, especially since he understands nothing about it and has no control over it. As often the man controls all the less that he screams to believe the contrary. A love whose meaning is absent will remain an eros. It is possible to answer that eros also gives meaning: the caresses, the kisses, the bodies that fit together are a discovery of the other. If the Greek eros is most often a matter of abduction, of possession, it would be wrong to sum it up there. The boundaries between the three loves can be fine. Our time likes to relativize these borders. Transgression awaits the slightest of our steps; or our missteps.

The sense of love surpasses us, and elevates us. God gives us His son and causes him to die on the cross for the sole purpose of giving meaning to our lives. He eradicates the sin by bringing it to light. It designates love as the only alternative to evil. And we must also remember Saint Paul:

When I would speak in tongues, that of men and that of angels, if I lack love, I am a resounding metal, a resounding cymbal.

When I have the gift of prophecy, the science of all mysteries and all knowledge, when I have the most total faith, that which moves mountains, if I lack love, I am nothing .

When I would distribute all my goods to the hungry, when I would deliver my body to the flames, if I lack love, I gain nothing.

Love takes patience, love is helpful, it doesn't be jealous, it doesn't show off, it doesn't get puffed up, it doesn't do anything ugly, it doesn't seek its interest, it doesn't does not irritate, he does not harbor grudges, he does not rejoice in injustice, but he finds joy in the truth.

He excuses everything, he believes everything, he hopes for everything, he endures everything.

Love never goes away.

The prophecies? They will be abolished.

Languages ​​? They will end.

The knowledge ? It will be abolished.

For our knowledge is limited and our prophecy is limited. But when perfection comes, what is limited will be abolished.

When I was a child, I spoke like a child, I thought like a child, I reasoned like a child. Having become a man, I put an end to what was proper to the child.

Now we see as in a mirror and in a confused way, but then it will be face to face.

Now my knowledge is limited, but then I will know as I am known.

So now these three remain, faith, hope and love, but love is the greatest.(1)

We see that agape sits at the top of love. Agape is this ultimate end, as the true meaning of love. Reading Saint Paul, we also realize that friendship is entirely contained in love. Philia can be thought of alone, but its Christian purpose is to become an agape. We also understand that his failure will be not to succeed in this transformation. Imagine a philia between a man and a woman: there is always a risk of seduction. What is a philia abandoning itself in eros?

Finally, we note that agape is a love devoid of seduction. He does not use “tricks”, artifices. Obviously those are left to the Prince of this world.

A new friendship is a revealed world that extends to our feet. What reflex do we have? Facing a world that stretches out at our feet. Are we responsible for it ( respondere , do we answer for it)? Did we do anything to deserve this new love? No, we haven't done anything. So little meaning has come out of our daily gestures. Our first instinct is often to trample this world under foot, because immediately in the face of beauty we think of appropriating it. Here is the man. What is beautiful, what is better, what is beyond us, must belong to us. Not God. No, not God. Because modern man has stopped believing in God. Too big, too strong, no time for this crap he can't make his own. What exceeds it deserves only possession or contempt. We must always go faster. We do not have time. If one cannot possess, if one cannot enjoy, one despises. It is therefore easy to understand the popularity of eros.

All creatures lack something, and not just not being a creator.

To those who are carnal, we know, there is a lack of pure beings.

But to those who are pure, it must be known, they lack carnality.(2)

So this world knocking at the door? If he gives himself, we dominate him. If it gives itself, we possess it. This sums up our sufficiency vis-à-vis the Other. Because there is no place more egalitarian than love. Love is truth and everyone is equal in the face of truth.

Many friendships fail after a while. In the majority of cases, this failure reveals itself as soon as one or both parties take pride in themselves. As soon as one or both parties want to possess, or comfort themselves in a deaf feeling of superiority. As soon as one or both parties adopt a paternalistic position, there is no more listening. As soon as there can no longer be any real listening, as soon as it is subject to a value judgment, an invisible and unspoken, but full and complete, hierarchy sets in. There is no longer the minimum required to speak and hear each other. The word no longer makes sense.

1- We also know that in this offering of Saint Paul we can replace the word love with the name of Jesus. We will enjoy reciting these stanzas in this way and becoming impregnated with them.

Translation of the author of Saint Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians (1 Cor 13, 1).

2- Péguy, The Porch of the Mystery of the Second Virtue.